Romanticism: A Definition
Whereas Neoclassicism was the revival of
classical architecture, Romanticism could include the revival of any style; it
was for the artist to decide. This individualist expression is what best
describes Romanticism: the lack of adherence to convention, the lack of
identification with a group, and the notion of difference from past movements.
Though
the Romantics revived old styles of art, they still sought to cut ties
with Òall fixed, fast-frozen relations, with their train of ancient and
venerable prejudices and opinions.Ó[1] They put their own spin on old styles,
whether by combining them with new fashions or by using them in new contexts.
In addition, Òthe Romantic generation was indeed very conscious of breaking
sharply with its parents and grandparentsÓ[2]
in that it wanted to have itÕs own new voice. The modernism lies in the
curiousity about and experimentation with old styles and old Òtruths,Ó and the
eagerness to push boundaries.
In
the same way that Enlightenment philosophers believed in disassociation with
exclusive religious sects, Romantics, such as ThŽodore GŽricault, did not want to be identified as an
artistic sect. They preferred to be seen as the artistic versions of
intellectuals; men not confined by a specific manner in which they had to
express themselves. To link themselves exclusively to one order was the very
thing against which they were protesting. They instead chose to use whatever
style provoked an interest or emotion in them. Therefore, in theory, an
architect could choose to sample from classical architecture if it so moved
him. In such a way is it possible to combine Romanticism and Neoclassicism.
Both involved revivals of old orders.
Brighton Pavillion
A
prime example of a Romantic building in London is John NashÕs Royal
Pavillion in Brighton. The styles Nash chose to revive were wide-ranging: from
Gothic to Chinese to Arabic to Indian. This was typical of Romanticism; the
artists did not want to adhere to one, constricting style. Nash chose styles
which interested him; though they seem thrown together sloppily, that was the
Romantic way. The Royal Pavillion resembles the Taj Mahal in India, with many
puffy domes as elements of Indian revival. It has many minarets, the Arab
towers that are used to call people to prayer. The interesting geometric motifs
throughout the facade brings in the Arabic element. Gothic pillars and arches
and Chinese screens are also apparent. These combinations were so distinctive
that they provoked a new term: Indian Gothic. The uniqueness, variety, and
individuality of NashÕs design are the essence of Romanticism.