Conclusion

As Paul Hohenberg states, “The major force making for economic growth is, in fact, economic growth; in other words, …the process is essentially a self-reinforcing one.” [1] England came out of an economic slump of the 14th and 15th centuries and steadily gained economic ground in the next three centuries. A number of very pivotal economic institutions helped with England’s spectacular growth into an empire. The Bank of England, The London Stock Exchange, Joint Stock Companies, and Maritime Insurance were among the most important ways that the British fueled their economy, enlarging trade and commerce and increasing wealth, land and influence. The institutions that England helped to invent and used so effectively are ones that define modern economics and nation building. The expansion of the British economy and the exploration and its expansion into other areas in the world set in motion the creation of one of the greatest empires in history. The symbiotic relationship between economy and expansion that created this great empire also brought about its downfall, and in the twentieth century England returned to a lesser status.

 



[1] Paul Hohenberg. A Primer on The Economic History of Europe,(New York: Random House. 1968), pg 72