Department of History

Fieldston School_________________________________________________________________

The Birth of Modern Europe

 

 

Visual Documents:

Pre-Modern London and Paris

                                   

 

From Roman Outpost to National Capital

                  Londinium is Roman castrum. Romans withdraw in 5th C.

                  Reconstructed view of Londinium , AD 200 (Sorrel)

                  http://www.roman-britain.org/places/images/londinium.jpg

                  Westminster becomes royal capital in 11th C.

London, 1548, Sebastian Muenster                                                                    

http://www.britannia.com/history/londonmap.html

Royal capital (London) and ecclesiastical seat (Westminster)

 

Renaissance Urbanism: Covent Garden

The Strand

http://www.ph.ucla.edu/epi/snow/1859map/map1859.html

(Reynolds Map of London, 1859)

The east-west connection between City of London and Westminster

Covent Garden, the Piazza, 1631-33 (Inigo Jones)                 Place des Vosges (Royale), 1612, 18th C

http://www.coventgardenlife.com/info/history.htm

North of the Strand

Gardens of ÒConventÓ  of the Abbey of Westminster

Granted to Earl of Bedford by Edward VI in 1553

upper class housing development by Earl of Bedford (1630)

Weak Crown in face of London mechants.  Charles I (1625)

But Crown required payment and design controls in exchange for consent

Inigo Jones

member of commission of buildings

parliament limits power of royal commissions

                  residential square to coffehouses to theater district

                  partially demolished in 1769, 1880 and 1890

 

The Great Fire of 1666

             Plans: Robert Hooke, Richard Newcourt, John Evelyn, Christopher Wren

Robt. Hooke, Plan of London 1666

Richard Newcourt, Plan for London, 1666                                   

Christopher Wren, Plan of London, 1666                                    Penn/ Thomas Holme, Phila. Plan, 1682

 

The Architectural Tradition: English Palladianism and Romanticism

                 

St. Paul's Cathedral, 1675-1710 (C. Wren)                              St. Paul's Cathedral from west

Lord Burlington and Palladianism

John Soane's Bank of England, 1788-1833                                   

Soane's BoE in ruins

Romanticism

Ruin, Tower of Winds1765 (J. Stuart)

A.W.N. Pugin, Contrasts 1836                                                  9th and 19th C. poorhouses                                 

John Nash

Cumberland Terrace, 1827                                                       Royal Pavilion, Brighton, 1815-21

 

The Urbanistic Tradition: The Residential Square and Crescent

 
            The Georgian Index: http://www.georgianindex.net/London/squares/l_square.html

Bloomsbury Square, 1731                                                         St. James Square, 1662-1784                            

Grovesnor Square, 1727 and today                                           Bath, John Woods I and II, 1754-74

 

 

Regent Street and Regent Park: Liminal Synthesis

 

Political and economic geography

Plans: John White and John Nash

 

Regent Street, 1811 (John Nash)

Waterloo Place, 1815                                                            Picadilly Circus, 1820

The Quadrant, 1818                                                                "Beau Brummel" (1828)

Langahm Place                                                                     All Souls, 1822

                 

Regent Park

                  Regent's Park

                  York Terrace, 1822                                                           Park Village, 1823