The Stamp Act Crisis
Pope's Day, the Fall of Deference and the Rise of the Sons of Liberty
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| Bostonians paying the exciseman, or tarring
and feathering. Boston Public Library Prints Department from massMoments.org and http://www.pbs.org/ |
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Pope's Day was a ritual inherited from England that became the template for mob violence in response to the Stamp Act. In the 1730’s or earlier, Boston’s artisans began to commemorate [Guy Fawkes or Pope's ] day with a parade and elaborate dramaturgical performances that mocked popery and the Catholic Stuart pretender... As the years passed, artisans from [the competeing Niorth and South End] areas formed paramilitary organizations with elaborate preparation preceding the annual event. Though not so intended, Pope’s Day became a school for training lower-class leaders, for organizing men who worked with their hands and for imparting to the lower element a sense of its collective power. Boston’s Pope’s Day also involved the ritual of status reversal so well known throughout Europe. November 5 became the day when youth and the lower class ruled, not only in controlling the streets of the town but also in going from house to house to collect money from the affluent for financing the prodigious feasting and drinking that went on from morning to night. From Alfred F. Young, “Pope’s Day, Tar and Feathers, and “Cornet Joyce,jun .From Ritual to Rebellion in Boston, 1745-1775,”
In December 1765, John Adams (1735-1826), who would later become the second president of the United States, wrote that " The Stamp Act, "that enormous engine...for battering down
all the rights and liberties of America," had raised a spirit of
resistance throughout mainland British North America. "In every
colony, from Georgia to New Hampshire inclusively, the stamp distributors
and inspectors have been compelled by the unconquerable rage of the
people to renounce their offices. Such and so universal has been the
resentment of the people, that every man who has dared to speak in the
favor of the stamps, or to soften the detestation in which they are
held, how great soever his abilities and virtues had been esteemed before,
whatever his fortune, connections, and influence had been, has been
seen to sink into universal contempt and ignominy."
Stamp Act Riots sites, for further research: http://www.strike-the-root.com/3/smith/smith8.html My Kinsman, Major Molineaux a short story by Nathanial Hawthorne that draws upon the Poe's Day and Stamp Act Riots: http://etext.virginia.edu/toc/modeng/public/HawKins.html |